This article appears on Buy Right, my responsible products blog, as well as here on Soap Suds. If you want to learn more about environmental and social responsibility in consumer products, go to Buy Right to read more.
Why do you use soap?
The answer to this question seems obvious. You use soap to remove dirt and oil from your skin, leaving it feeling smooth and clean. You also use soap to help protect yourself from communicable diseases by killing harmful bacteria.
Because of the second reason, an antibacterial soap would seem to be a sensible choice. So why is there such a backlash against antibacterial soap and cleaning product among the scientific community?
Bacteria: our friends?
The controversy results from a general lack of understanding of the role of bacteria in life. Most people know that bacteria cause disease, but only those who have studied some biology know that pathogenic bacteria (those that cause disease in humans) represent only a tiny fraction of the species of bacteria on Earth. The vast majority of bacteria have little or no effect on humans.
Aside from pathogenic and benign bacteria, there is a third group: beneficial bacteria. And within that group is a large number of species of essential bacteria. For example, you could not digest food without the thriving population of bacteria that live in your digestive system. To help keep your intestinal bacteria healthy, you eat probiotic foods such as yogurt.
Your digestive system is not the only place inhabited by beneficial bacteria. The number of bacteria that live on your skin outnumbers the number of cells in your body by at least ten to one, according to Faith, Madness, and Spontaneous Human Combustion: What Immunology Can Teach Us About Self-Perception
. (Link goes to Amazon product page–highly recommended reading.) I’m not talking about that guy down the street who hasn’t showered in days (give him some Amore, someone!); I’m talking about a clean, healthy individual.
If it weren’t for the symbiotic bacteria that live on your skin, foreign bacteria, both benign and pathogenic, would take up residence. Stated simply,
The good bacteria that live on your skin protect you from the bad bacteria that could kill you.
When you use soap containing a strong antibacterial agent such as triclosan, you are killing not only the bad bacteria that may be on your skin, but the many of the essential bacteria that protect you. After washing your hands with antibacterial soap, the sweat and oils that naturally form on your skin provide a fertile new habitat for whatever bacteria are in your immediate environment.
Chances are, you haven’t sterilized yourself to the point where all of your essential bacteria are gone, but you’ve weakened their population enough that other bacteria will compete with them to establish a population on your skin. If you wash your entire body with antibacterial soap every day, you are providing a favorable environment for the growth of harmful bacteria.
Why does antibacterial soap exist?
The short answer is given in two words: medicine and money.
Triclosan is a biocide that was developed as a hospital scrub, according to a New York Times article on triclosan. It has been used since 1972, and is the active ingredient in many antibacterial products, including Microban, which infuses triclosan into solid products. (See the PAN Product Info page for Microban.)
According to the New York Times article, the US Food and Drug Administration first proposed regulating triclosan in 1972, and proposed removing it from scrubs and soaps in 1978. Anyone who follows the struggle between American government and American business should be able to see why the FDA’s review has not been completed, and their proposed ban has not been implemented.
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum biocide that works by disrupting the formation of fatty acids necessary to form cell membranes. This mechanism makes it very effective at destroying bacterial cells, unless they have some type of mechanism that gives them an immunity to this type of attack. Bacteria with such an immunity include Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all of which are common skin flora, but can be pathogenic.
Unfortunately, research has not yet demonstrated a conclusive link between triclosan and cancer (PAN lists triclosan as a possible human carcinogen) or endocrine disruption. However, it has been demonstrated that triclosan breaks down in the environment to form long-lived dioxins and other persistent environmental pollutants that are known endocrine disruptors.
No Antibacterial Amore
For all of the reasons above, Amore Soap will never produce an antibacterial soap using triclosan or any other artificial chemical. According to the Us FDA, antibacterial soaps are no more effective than regular soap. And given the reasons stated near the beginning of this article, it is harmful to kill a broad spectrum of skin flora.
Amore Soap leaves you clean, not sterilized. If you work in an infectious disease laboratory, you may need something stronger, but for daily personal use, Amore Soap is much better for your skin and your overall health than antibacterial soap.
There is some good news in the market for antibacterial products. Because of consumer demand, Colgate-Palmolive has replaced triclosan with lactic acid in its antibacterial dish soap. If Amore Soap ever considers making an antibacterial product, we’ll look at a natural solution such as this.
Recommended reading
I quoted a book earlier in this article: Faith, Madness, and Spontaneous Human Combustion: What Immunology Can Teach Us About Self-Perception
. If you know a little about human anatomy, and how our systems work together, this book is a very interesting read. Click the text link to find the book on Amazon.com, or find it in your local library. After reading it, you’ll never think about the immune system the same way.
A research note
I tend to use Wikipedia as a source of basic research. Wikipedia can be a great place to start research, but you have to evaluate the articles carefully. An article that lists a lot of peer-reviewed scientific studies as references, and provides links that allow you to verify what is stated, is much more reliable than an article that quotes news articles, blogs, and sources that give you no way to verify them.